-
1 flexibility of an organization
Экономика: гибкость организацииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > flexibility of an organization
-
2 flexibility of an organization
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > flexibility of an organization
-
3 flexibility of an organization
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > flexibility of an organization
-
4 flexibility
n1) гибкость2) подвижность, приспособляемость
- financial flexibility
- price flexibility
- wage flexibility
- flexibility in budget policy
- flexibility of an organization
- flexibility of productionEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > flexibility
-
5 flexibility
-
6 flexible organization
1) упр. гибкая организационная структура (организационная структура, которая может быстро меняться (перестраиваться) в зависимости от ситуации)2) упр. гибкая организация (фирма, обладающая гибкой организационной структурой)We are a dynamic, efficient and flexible organization in which learning and new ideas are the norm — Мы динамичная, эффективная и гибкая организация, для которой обучение сотрудников и внедрение новых идей являются нормой.
Syn:Ant: -
7 virtual organization
Opsa temporary network of companies, suppliers, customers, or employees, linked by information and communications technologies, with the purpose of delivering a service or product. A virtual organization brings together companies in strategic partnering or outsourcing arrangements, enabling them to share expertise, resources, and cost savings until objectives are met and the network is dissolved. Such organizations are virtual not only in the sense that they exist largely in cyberspace, but also that they employ various forms of flexibility unconstrained by the traditional barriers of time and place, such as virtual teams. A greater level of trust is required between employer and employee or coworkers, or partner organizations, because they will be working out of one another’s sight for the majority of the time. -
8 form of business organization
эк., юр. юридическая [организационно-правовая\] форма предпринимательства [бизнеса\] (тип субъекта предпринимательской деятельности, образованный в соответствии с национальным предпринимательским правом; в американском праве основными формами являются: sole proprietorship, partnership, business corporation; в английском праве различают две основные формы: partnership (регулируется отдельным законодательством о товариществах) и company (регулируется законодательством о компаниях))Syn:See:sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, joint venture, investment group, joint-stock company, business trust, cooperative, incorporated forms of business, unincorporated forms of business, mixed forms of business organization, agency 5), proprietary company, company, company law, investor-owned firm, cooperative, personal liability, federal taxation, management flexibility, internal efficiency, simplicity of formation, business lawАнгло-русский экономический словарь > form of business organization
-
9 bureaucracy
Gen Mgtan organization structure with a rigid hierarchy of personnel, regulated by set rules and procedures. Max Weber believed that a bureaucracy was technically the most efficient form of organization. He described a bureaucracy as an organization structured around official functions that are bound by rules, each function having its own specified competence. The functions are structured into offices, which are organized into a hierarchy that follows technical rules and norms. Managers in a bureaucracy possess a rational-legal type of authority derived from the office they hold. Bureaucracies have been criticized for eradicating inspiration and creativity in favor of impersonality and the mundaneness and regularity of corporate life. This was best described in William H. Whyte’s The Organization Man, published in 1956, in which the individual was taken over by the bureaucratic machine in the name of efficiency. A more recent and humorous interpretation of life in a bureaucracy has been depicted by Scott Adams in The Dilbert Principle (1996). The term bureaucracy has gradually become a pejorative synonym for excessive and time-consuming paperwork and administration. Bureaucracies fell subject to delayering and downsizing from the 1980s onward, as the flatter organization became the target structure to ensure swifter market response and organizational flexibility. -
10 purchasing versus production
Opsa decision on whether to produce goods internally or to buy them in from outside the organization. The goal of purchasing versus production is to secure needed items at the best possible cost, while making optimum use of the resources of the organization. Factors influencing the decision may include: cost, spare capacity within the organization, the need for tight quality and scheduling control, flexibility, the enhancement of skills that can then be used in other ways, volume and economies of scale, utilization of existing personnel, the need for secrecy, capital and financing requirements, and the potential reliability of supply.The ultimate business dictionary > purchasing versus production
-
11 outsourcing
Gen Mgtthe transfer of the provision of services previously performed by in-house personnel to an external organization, usually under a contract with agreed standards, costs, and conditions. Areas traditionally outsourced include legal services, transport, catering, and security. An increasing variety of activities, including IT services, training, and public relations are now being outsourced. Outsourcing, or contracting out, is often introduced with the goal of increasing efficiency and reducing costs, or to enable the organization to develop greater flexibility or to concentrate on core business activities. The term subcontracting is sometimes used to refer to outsourcing. -
12 program
программа; план; задача; составлять программу [план]; планировать; программировать, задавать программу (напр. ЭВМ)morale, welfare and recreation program — программа мероприятий по бытовому обеспечению, организации отдыха и развлечений
rationalization, standardization and interoperability program — программа рационализации, стандартизации и интероперабельности (оборудования)
telecommunications and C2 program — программа создания систем руководства, управления и (дальней) связи
-
13 Foreign policy
The guiding principle of Portuguese foreign policy since the founding of the monarchy in the 12th century has been the maintenance of Portugal's status first as an independent kingdom and, later, as a sovereign nation-state. For the first 800 years of its existence, Portuguese foreign policy and diplomacy sought to maintain the independence of the Portuguese monarchy, especially in relationship to the larger and more powerful Spanish monarchy. During this period, the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, which began with a treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the kings of Portugal and England in 1386 (the Treaty of Windsor) and continued with the Methuen Treaty in 1703, sought to use England ( Great Britain after 1707) as a counterweight to its landward neighbor, Spain.As three invasions of Portugal by Napoleon's armies during the first decade of the 19th century proved, however, Spain was not the only threat to Portugal's independence and security. Portugal's ally, Britain, provided a counterweight also to a threatening France on more than one occasion between 1790 and 1830. During the 19th century, Portugal's foreign policy became largely subordinate to that of her oldest ally, Britain, and standard Portuguese histories describe Portugal's situation as that of a "protectorate" of Britain. In two key aspects during this time of international weakness and internal turmoil, Portugal's foreign policy was under great pressure from her ally, world power Britain: responses to European conflicts and to the situation of Portugal's scattered, largely impoverished overseas empire. Portugal's efforts to retain massive, resource-rich Brazil in her empire failed by 1822, when Brazil declared its independence. Britain's policy of favoring greater trade and commerce opportunities in an autonomous Brazil was at odds with Portugal's desperate efforts to hold Brazil.Following the loss of Brazil and a renewed interest in empire in tropical Africa, Portugal sought to regain a more independent initiative in her foreign policy and, especially after 1875, overseas imperial questions dominated foreign policy concerns. From this juncture, through the first Republic (1910-26) and during the Estado Novo, a primary purpose of Portuguese foreign policy was to maintain Portuguese India, Macau, and its colonies in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. Under the direction of the dictator, Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, further efforts were made to reclaim a measure of independence of foreign policy, despite the tradition of British dominance. Salazar recognized the importance of an Atlantic orientation of the country's foreign policy. As Herbert Pell, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal (1937-41), observed in a June 1939 report to the U.S. Department of State, Portugal's leaders understood that Portugal must side with "that nation which dominates the Atlantic."During the 1930s, greater efforts were made in Lisbon in economic, financial, and foreign policy initiatives to assert a greater measure of flexibility in her dependence on ally Britain. German economic interests made inroads in an economy whose infrastructure in transportation, communication, and commerce had long been dominated by British commerce and investors. Portugal's foreign policy during World War II was challenged as both Allied and Axis powers tested the viability of Portugal's official policy of neutrality, qualified by a customary bow to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, who served as minister of foreign affairs, as well as prime minister, during 1936-45, sought to sell his version of neutrality to both sides in the war and to do so in a way that would benefit Portugal's still weak economy and finance. Portugal's status as a neutral was keenly tested in several cases, including Portugal's agreeing to lease military bases to Britain and the United States in the Azores Islands and in the wolfram (tungsten ore) question. Portugal's foreign policy experienced severe pressures from the Allies in both cases, and Salazar made it clear to his British and American counterparts that Portugal sought to claim the right to make independent choices in policy, despite Portugal's military and economic weakness. In tense diplomatic negotiations with the Allies over Portugal's wolfram exports to Germany as of 1944, Salazar grew disheartened and briefly considered resigning over the wolfram question. Foreign policy pressure on this question diminished quickly on 6 June 1944, as Salazar decreed that wolfram mining, sales, and exports to both sides would cease for the remainder of the war. After the United States joined the Allies in the war and pursued an Atlantic strategy, Portugal discovered that her relationship with the dominant ally in the emerging United Nations was changing and that the U.S. would replace Britain as the key Atlantic ally during succeeding decades. Beginning in 1943-44, and continuing to 1949, when Portugal became, with the United States, a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Luso-American relations assumed center stage in her foreign policy.During the Cold War, Portuguese foreign policy was aligned with that of the United States and its allies in Western Europe. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the focus of Portuguese foreign policy shifted away from defending and maintaining the African colonies toward integration with Europe. Since Portugal became a member of the European Economic Community in 1986, and this evolved into the European Union (EU), all Portuguese governments have sought to align Portugal's foreign policy with that of the EU in general and to be more independent of the United States. Since 1986, Portugal's bilateral commercial and diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Spain have strengthened, especially those with Spain, which are more open and mutually beneficial than at any other time in history.Within the EU, Portugal has sought to play a role in the promotion of democracy and human rights, while maintaining its security ties to NATO. Currently, a Portuguese politician, José Manuel Durão Barroso, is president of the Commission of the EU, and Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007. -
14 command and control approach
Gen Mgta style of leadership that uses standards, procedures, and output statistics to regulate the organization. A command and control approach to leadership is authoritative in nature and uses a top-down approach, which fits well in bureaucratic organizations in which privilege and power are vested in senior management. It is founded on, and emphasizes a distinction between, executives on the one hand and workers on the other. It stems from the principles of Frederick Winslow Taylor, and the applications of Henry Ford and Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. As more empowered, flat organizations have come to the fore, command and control leaders have been increasingly criticized for stifling creativity and limiting flexibility.The ultimate business dictionary > command and control approach
-
15 decentralization
Gen Mgtthe dispersal of decision-making control. Decentralization involves moving power, authority, and decision-making control within an organization from a central headquarters or from high managerial levels to subsidiaries, branches, divisions, or departments. As an organizational concept, decentralization implies delegation of both power and responsibility by top management in order to promote flexibility through faster decision making and improved response times. Decentralization is, therefore, strongly related to the concept of empowerment, though the latter is perhaps more focused on direct working frontline staff. -
16 e-marketplace
E-coman Internet-based environment that brings together businessto-business buyers and sellers so that they can trade more efficiently online.The key benefits for users of an emarketplace are reduced purchasing costs, greater flexibility, saved time, better information, and better collaboration. However, the drawbacks include costs in changing procurement processes, cost of applications, setup, and integration with internal systems, and transaction/subscription fees.There are three distinct types of emarketplace: independent, in which public environments seek simply to attract buyers and sellers to trade together; consortiumbased, in which sites are set up on an industry-wide basis, typically when a number of key buyers in a particular industry get together; and private, in which emarketplaces are established by a particular organization to manage its purchasing alone. -
17 enterprise
Gen Mgta venture characterized by innovation, creativity, dynamism, and risk. An enterprise can consist of one project, or may refer to an entire organization. It usually requires several of the following attributes: flexibility, initiative, problem solving ability, independence, and imagination. Enterprises flourish in the environment of delayered, nonhierarchical organizations but can be stifled by bureaucracy. Enterprises are often created by entrepreneurs. -
18 flexilagger
HRa company or organization considered to put too little emphasis on flexibility in its employment practices (slang) -
19 flexileader
HRa company or organization considered to put a great deal of emphasis on flexibility in its employment practices (slang) -
20 virtual office
Gen Mgta workplace that is not based in one physical location but consists of employees working remotely by using information and communications technologies. A virtual office is characterized by the use of teleworkers, telecenters, mobile workers, hot-desking, and hoteling, and promotes the use of virtual teams. A virtual office can increase an organization’s flexibility, cost effectiveness, and efficiency.
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Flexibility — is the absolute range of movement in a joint or series of joints and muscles that is attainable in a momentary effort with the help of a partner or a piece of equipment. It is a term for the ability to easily bend an object or the ability to… … Wikipedia
Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II — Organization of the Luftwaffe : The German Air Force ( Luftwaffe ) of World War II had a distinct organization and command structure. Luftwaffe organization At the strategic level Oberkommando der Luftwaffe The top levels of control for the… … Wikipedia
Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945) — Luftwaffe … Wikipedia
flexibility — The ability to adapt an operating system to respond to changes in the environment. Increasingly seen as a source of competitive advantage in a rapidly changing market, it is an area of operations management in which Japanese practices have had a… … Big dictionary of business and management
Labour market flexibility — refers to the speed with which labour markets adapt to fluctuations and changes in society, the economy or production.DefinitionIn the past, the most common definition of labour market flexibility was the neo liberal definition. This entailed the … Wikipedia
Supporting organization (charity) — A supporting organization, in the United States, is a public charity created by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code in [http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/uscode26/usc sec 26 00000509 000 .html 26 USCA 509(a)(3)] . A supporting organization either… … Wikipedia
Participatory organization — is an organization which is built based on people participation rather than their contract obligations.Most current organizations are contract based. Contracts define a functional structure that holds such an organization together by imposing… … Wikipedia
work, history of the organization of — Introduction history of the methods by which society structures the activities and labour necessary to its survival. work is essential in providing the basic physical needs of food, clothing, and shelter. But work involves more than the use … Universalium
Informal organization — The informal organization is the interlocking social structure that governs how people work together in practice. It is the aggregate of behaviors, interactions, norms, personal and professional connections through which work gets done and… … Wikipedia
Byrd Organization — The Byrd Organization (usually known as just the Organization ) was a political machine led by former Governor and U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. (1877 1966) that dominated Virginia politics for much of the middle portion of the 20th century.… … Wikipedia
labour-market flexibility — A term used to refer to all or some of a variety of features of particular jobs, or of the labour market as a whole, including: reduced demarcations between categories of worker and flexible job descriptions; the fluidity of workers movement… … Dictionary of sociology
